The State’s capital, Juba, being as well the national capital, is situated along the Nile, the world’s longest River and it is the largest city of the country. On October 2nd 2015, the State of Central Equatoria was split into three sovereign states: Jubek, Terekeka, and Yei River. With the current developments underpinned by the negotiations surrounding the birth of the Revitalized Government of National Unity, the thirty-two (32) States were reverted to ten (10) States.

As a result, the State of Central Equatoria was re-established by the Presidential Decree with the appointment of the Governor on 22 February 2020 following the Peace Agreement concluded on September 12 2018.

Central Equatoria, like other states in South Sudan, is subdivided into counties, which are further divided into Payams, then Bomas. Each County is led by a County Commissioner, appointed by the State Governor in consultation with the President. 

Major cities and towns of Central Equatoria include Juba, Kajo Keji, Liria, Mangalla, Ombasi, Wonduruba, Rokon, Tali, Terekeka, Tore, Yei, Tombek, Tindilo, Kaya, Muni and Rijong.

The major border crossing to the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo is at Libogo, a village in Lasu Payam of Yei River County.